PSYCHOSOMATICS

Integrated view of man, continuous interaction of body and mind

Psychosomatics is that branch of medicine and psychology that relates the mind to the body because they are not two separate worlds, which integrates the emotional state of the subject and its neuroendocrine, energetic and psychological reaction, with a unified view of disease: “New concept of disease = No longer bodily disease but body and mind“.

As for psychosomatic symptoms, they, are expressed through the body, involve the autonomic nervous system and provide a vegetative response to situations of psychic distress or stress but are two parts, in continuous mutual influence: man in his somato-psychic unity. Not surprisingly, the old concept of disease understood as the “effect of a single cause,” has been replaced with a multifactorial view according to which every organic disease is consequent to the intertwining of many factors. It is also hypothesized that the psychological factor, depending on its nature, may act by favoring the onset of a disease, or conversely by favoring its recovery.

La psychosomatics moves beyond the old dichotomous models that separate the body from the mind, expanding the frontiers of research toward a new and integrated model of today’s man that embraces medicine, neurophysiology, psychology, and soul-searching into a unified model where body and mind interact with each other in every field and determines in humans their success, malaise, or mental and physical well-being.

The unitary model of man promoted by Cenpis

BODY AND MIND.

The body and mind interact with each other continuously, and when they are in harmony they generate human personal and professional success. If there is no psychophysical well-being, stress arises, which is discharged on a target organ producing psychosomatic disorders with blockage of personal resources leading to failure, psychosomatic disorders, and in time illness. The affected organ is chosen because it symbolically represents the emotional conflict experienced at the unconscious level.

Cenpis Orion provides patients with a multidisciplinary clinical team of physicians and psychotherapists to respond to psycho-physical difficulties with an integrated psychosomatic approach. Upon admission, the most suitable therapy is evaluated with psychological and medical diagnosis with the guarantee of scientific seriousness and professionalism based on extensive and established therapeutic and clinical research experience. Our Psychotherapists and medical specialists offer therapies and treatments aimed at adults and minors, with individual, couple, family and small group settings.

PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS

Gastric hyperacidity

It can come linked to a history of unexpressed, restrained and self-directed aggression that can lead to the development of an ‘ulcer. The subject is most often introverted and withdrawn, seemingly “unassailable” by adversity, but precisely because of this unable to “digest” bitter morsels.”

Nausea and vomiting

They are a symptom of places, people, situations, which are intolerable, revolting, dangerous. Like the child on the first day of school who experiences nausea and vomiting, that is, rejection and a desire to escape.

Aerophagy

It is the result of an air-filled stomach, empty and unsatisfying emotional relationships, but also a control system to avoid weighing down the stomach, that is, ourselves. These are mostly individuals who are “malnourished” on an affective and emotional level.

Headache and head

Accumulations of stressful situations, of psycho-emotional trauma, trigger a permanent defense process, which affects the whole organism. To avoid the “rise of the emotions,” one triggers a process of defending one’s drives, compressing them to gain full control.

Hypertension and defense against emotions

Excluding physiological causes, the headache affects the seat of thought, too much accumulated tension, too much control exercised, inability to “disconnect” over the weekend, too many commitments. Thus the “weekend” headache or vice versa the one that disappears on the weekend.

Hypertension, hyperactivity and hypercontrol

Never a moment’s respite, continuous action and efficiency, while inactivity becomes unbearable. Usually with baseline blood pressure slightly above normal, hypertensive crisis usually occurs during or after emotionally important events, and is an attempt to curb the feelings experienced. Spontaneity is absent at the expense of strict control.

Skin disorders

The skin is the physiological boundary and limit between outside and inside; it is a protective barrier and “reflects” on itself through dermatological manifestations. Anger and aggression come to the surface” expressing themselves by eczema or psoriasis in certain parts of the body.

A BIT OF HISTORY

Birth of Psychosomatics

Birth of Psychosomatics

Hippocrates, in antiquity, the father of medicine, stated in the 4th century B.C. that all organic functions are influenced by the passions. “A good spiritual disposition guarantees the goodness of prognosis,” he wrote, “if the soul becomes ill it consumes the body.”

In 1824 by Friedrich Groos believed that diseases represented the somatic effects of negative passions and emotions. In 1876 this idea was developed by English psychiatrist Henry Maudsley. He wrote, “If the emotion is not discharged externally by physical activity or suitable mental action, it will discharge to the internal organs by altering their functions,” singularly anticipating the psychoanalytic idea of somatic conversion symptom.

In 1894 Freud more thoroughly discovered the mechanisms underlying psychosomatic symptoms and devised psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalytic therapy for the first psychosomatic treatment. When a psychic content-an image, a drive, a desire-is incompatible with the ego, intolerable, inadmissible to consciousness and morality, such as certain sexual fantasies, such as the urge to kill or to break particular emotional ties, the effect is removed from consciousness by repression and converted into a bodily disturbance that symbolizes the unacceptable content on a physical level, thus partially resolving the original psychological conflict. Thus, in the phenomenon of conversion resided the problem of the “leap from the psychic to the somatic.”

EMOTIONAL REACTIONS

The Corps knows everything

The body knows everything

It is common experience that when an external situation elicits an emotional reaction in us, anger, anxiety, fear, our body undergoes conspicuous and rapid physiological changes. Some obvious ones: heart beats faster, blood pressure rises, breathing becomes faster and deeper, we become more alert to perceptual stimuli, muscles become more responsive.

Others are profound and not directly appreciable by consciousness: sugars are mobilized in the bloodstream to provide energy for emotional reaction, certain endocrine glands release hormones useful in sustaining conditions of alarm, fight and flight, alimentary canal functions are inhibited, and so on. If external conditions or our habits, personal inclinations, particular evaluations, social and moral constraints prevent us from eliminating the cause of the emotional reaction, e.g., traffic, conflict with spouse, office manager, overburdened work, unachievable deadlines, bad neighborly relations, and the whole vast sampler of wearing agents that are an essential part of contemporary reality, then the physiological discharge related to the emotional reaction does not find an outlet, becomes chronic, causing more or less dangerous organic alterations.

The Discovery of Psychosomatics

If the emotion is not discharged externally it will discharge to one or more internal organ(s)

symbolically connected to the emotion to be discharged.

(e.g., Sentimental frustration dumped on the heart or stomach.)

From this perspective, a correspondence between emotional reactions and psychosomatic symptoms is admitted. The somatic changes and possible pathological alterations caused by never-quenched anxiety are different from those caused by anger; just as the illnesses produced by persistent fear differ from those brought about by grief, detachment, or loss. From these foundations then arise the more advanced psychosomatic models, capable of interfacing with the latest findings in psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology. Neurotransmitters are like global matrices underlying a set of physical, instinctive, emotional and psychological behaviors. Understanding these neuroendocrine matrices is like understanding the energetic or “essential” roots of psychosomatics, from which psychosomatic blocks and characters arise.